Atelier "Systèmes d'Information et de Décision pour l'Environnement" (SIDE 2009)

National audienceLes Systèmes d'Information et les Systèmes d'Aide à la Décision représentent des solutions de plus en plus performantes pour relever les récents challenges concernant la gestion et l'analyse des données environnementales. Souvent, le recueil ou l'acquisition des données environnementales restent dans le domaine environnemental un vrai challenge car les techniques mises en oeuvre (ex : enquêtes) ou l'instrumentation déployée (ex : satellite) sont lourdes et onéreuses. Or cette activité de recueil et d'acquisition est essentielle car sans information pertinente et de qualité les Systèmes d'Information ou d'Aide à la Décision deviennent rapidement inopérants. L'objectif de l'atelier est de présenter les dernières avancées dans le domaine des Systèmes d'Information mais aussi de présenter des outils et des méthodes permettant d'acquérir ou d'extraire de l'information d'une part et de mettre en forme cette information pour alimenter un système d'information d'autre part. L'atelier est ouvert aussi bien à la présentation de travaux déjà appliqués au contexte de l'environnement, qu'à des réflexions plus prospectives sur les possibilités d'utilisation d'un produit de la recherche en informatique pour une application environnementale. La journée d'atelier a été découpée en trois sessions. La première présente des méthodes et des outils permettant de mettre en forme des données sur l'eau, la seconde s'intéresse aux systèmes et méthodes pour la gestion des territoires et la troisième concerne les systèmes d'aide à la décision. Un premier article présente un système informatique pour la collaboration interdisciplinaire basée sur une théorie sociologique appliquée à des problématiques liées à l'eau. Un autre travail propose l'intégration d'outils d'analyse multicritères dans un S.I.G couplé à des modèles pour l'évaluation du potentiel aquifère des bassins versants. D'autres travaux portent sur une méthodologie de traitement d'images pour répondre à des besoins de modélisation hydrologique à différentes échelles. Les techniques multicritères et de statistiques spatiales sont au centre de deux autres articles, l'un pour la valorisation des continuums écologiques et l'autre pour l'analyse du développement urbain. La gestion des risques environnementaux est abordée par des recherches sur une infrastructure logicielle d'intégration à base d'agents ; une application est faite à l'évolution de la carte du risque d'incendie de forêt. Un papier présente une nouvelle architecture d'un système d'information pour la géolocalisation des animaux pour la prévention des risques sanitaires. Un article traite de l'écoulement des eaux et des polluants à l'échelle du bassin versant et introduit une méthode incrémentale et interactive d'apprentissage. Un dernier article décrit un outil d'extraction de connaissances pour l'aide à la qualification de l'état des milieux aquatiques. La qualité des travaux laisse présager une journée d'atelier particulièrement enrichissante. Nous remercions par ailleurs tous les membres du comité de programme pour leur excellent travail ainsi que les auteurs des articles

Class Model Normalization Outperforming Formal Concept Analysis approaches with AOC-posets

International audienceDesigning or reengineering class models in the domain of programming or modeling involves capturing technical and domain concepts , finding the right abstractions and avoiding duplications. Making this last task in a systematic way corresponds to a kind of model nor-malization. Several approaches have been proposed, that all converge towards the use of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). An extension of FCA to linked data, Relational Concept Analysis (RCA) helped to mine better reusable abstractions. But RCA relies on iteratively building concept lattices, which may cause a combinatorial explosion in the number of the built artifacts. In this paper, we investigate the use of an alternative RCA process, relying on a specific sub-order of the concept lattice (AOC-poset) which preserves the most relevant part of the normal form. We measure, on case studies from Java models extracted from Java code and from UML models, the practical reduction that AOC-posets bring to the normal form of the class model

Utilisation de l'analyse formelle de concepts pour extraire le plus grand modèle commun

International audienceThe development of information systems follows a long and complex process in which various actors are involved. We report an experiment in which we observe the evolution of the analysis model of an information system through 15 successive versions. We use indicators on the underlying concept lattices built by applying Relational Concept Analysis (RCA) to each version. RCA is an extension of FCA which groups entities based on characteristics they share, including links to other entities. It here helps in analyzing their evolution. From this experience, we establish recommendations to monitor and verify the proper evolution of the analysis process

A new information system for tracing geolocations of bovine cattle

National audienceThe present paper describes the main idea of a new information system architecture dedicated to the animal geolocation acquisitions. It is applied to traceability of beefs in Brazil. In case of sanitary alerts, the system should be able to determine the animals which have been in contact with a diseased animal. This proposal is issued from studies undertaken in the project OTAG supported by the European Union. OTAG focuses on improving methods and geotechnologies for recording reliable and accurate data on beef production. OTAG develops an operational geo-decisional system to track and trace the mobility, provenance, and state of beef cattle. The presented method enables the acquisition of animal geolocations at a large scale. It minimizes the quantity of devices equipped on animals, and consequently the global economical and energetic costs of the system

Guaranteeing the quality of multidimensional analysis in data warehouses of simulation results: application to pesticide transfer data produced by the MACRO Model

International audienceCurrently, the vital impact of environmental pollution on economic, social and health dimensions has been recognized. The need for theoretical and implementation frameworks for the acquisition, modeling and analysis of environmental data as well as tools to conceive and validate scenarios is becoming increasingly important. For these reasons, different environmental simulation models have been developed. Researchers and stakeholders need efficient tools to store, display, compare and analyze data that are produced by simulation models. One common way to manage simulation results is to use text files; however, text files make it difficult to explore the data. Spreadsheet tools (e.g., OpenOffice, MS Excel) can help to display and analyze model results, but they are not suitable for very large volumes of information. Recently, some studies have shown the feasibility of using Data Warehouse (DW) and On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) technologies to store model results and to facilitate model visualization, analysis and comparisons. These technologies allow model users to easily produce graphical reports and charts. In this paper, we address the analysis of pesticide transfer simulation results by warehousing and OLAPing data, for which the data results from the MACRO simulation model. This model simulates hydrological transfers of pesticides at the plot scale. We demonstrate how the simulation results can be managed using DW technologies. We also demonstrate how the use of integrity constraints can improve OLAP analysis. These constraints are used to maintain the quality of the warehoused data as well as to maintain the aggregations and queries, which will lead to better analysis, conclusions and decisions

Dense gas in IRAS 20343+4129: an ultracompact HII region caught in the act of creating a cavity

The intermediate- to high-mass star-forming region IRAS 20343+4129 is an excellent laboratory to study the influence of high- and intermediate-mass young stellar objects on nearby starless dense cores, and investigate for possible implications in the clustered star formation process. We present 3 mm observations of continuum and rotational transitions of several molecular species (C2H, c-C3H2, N2H+, NH2D) obtained with the Combined Array for Research in Millimetre-wave Astronomy, as well as 1.3 cm continuum and NH3 observations carried out with the Very Large Array, to reveal the properties of the dense gas. We confirm undoubtedly previous claims of an expanding cavity created by an ultracompact HII region associated with a young B2 zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) star. The dense gas surrounding the cavity is distributed in a filament that seems squeezed in between the cavity and a collimated outflow associated with an intermediate-mass protostar. We have identified 5 millimeter continuum condensations in the filament. All of them show column densities consistent with potentially being the birthplace of intermediate- to high-mass objects. These cores appear different from those observed in low-mass clustered environments in sereval observational aspects (kinematics, temperature, chemical gradients), indicating a strong influence of the most massive and evolved members of the protocluster. We suggest a possible scenario in which the B2 ZAMS star driving the cavity has compressed the surrounding gas, perturbed its properties and induced the star formation in its immediate surroundings.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (Main Journal

Doppler identified venous congestion in septic shock:protocol for an international, multi-centre prospective cohort study (Andromeda-VEXUS)

INTRODUCTION: Venous congestion is a pathophysiological state where high venous pressures cause organ oedema and dysfunction. Venous congestion is associated with worse outcomes, particularly acute kidney injury (AKI), for critically ill patients. Venous congestion can be measured by Doppler ultrasound at the bedside through interrogation of the inferior vena cava (IVC), hepatic vein (HV), portal vein (PV) and intrarenal veins (IRV). The objective of this study is to quantify the association between Doppler identified venous congestion and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) or death for patients with septic shock. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study is a prespecified substudy of the ANDROMEDA-SHOCK 2 (AS-2) randomised control trial (RCT) assessing haemodynamic resuscitation in septic shock and will enrol at least 350 patients across multiple sites. We will include adult patients within 4 hours of fulfilling septic shock definition according to Sepsis-3 consensus conference. Using Doppler ultrasound, physicians will interrogate the IVC, HV, PV and IRV 6-12 hours after randomisation. Study investigators will provide web-based educational sessions to ultrasound operators and adjudicate image acquisition and interpretation. The primary outcome will be RRT or death within 28 days of septic shock. We will assess the hazard of RRT or death as a function of venous congestion using a Cox proportional hazards model. Sub-distribution HRs will describe the hazard of RRT given the competing risk of death. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: We obtained ethics approval for the AS-2 RCT, including this observational substudy, from local ethics boards at all participating sites. We will report the findings of this study through open-access publication, presentation at international conferences, a coordinated dissemination strategy by investigators through social media, and an open-access workshop series in multiple languages. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05057611.</p

Kinematics of water masers in high-mass star forming regions

We have conducted multi-epoch EVN observations of the 22.2 GHz water masers towards four high-mass star forming regions (Sh 2-255 IR, IRAS 23139+5939, WB89-234, and OMC2). The (three) observing epochs span a time range of 6 months. In each region, the water maser emission likely originates close (within a few hundreds of AU) to a forming high-mass YSO. Several maser features (~10) have been detected for each source and, for those features persistent over the three epochs, proper motions have been derived. The amplitudes of the proper motions are found to be larger than the range of variation of the line-of-sight velocities and in each of the observed sources the proper motion orientation seems to indicate an expansion motion. The gas kinematics traced by the 22.2 GHz water masers is compatible with the shock-excited nature of water maser emission. Three different kinematic models (a spherical expanding shell, a Keplerian rotating disk, and a conical outflow) were fitted to the 3-dimensional velocity field of the detected maser features. The results of these fits, together with the comparison of the VLBI maps with the highest-resolution images of the sources in several thermal tracers, suggest that the water maser features are most likely tracing the inner portion of the molecular outflows detected at much larger-scales.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in A&